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Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to conditions present at birth that affect the structure and function of the heart and can influence a child’s health over time. Doctors can sometimes diagnose CHD prenatally (before birth). A detailed ultrasound called a fetal echocardiogram is commonly performed around 18–22 weeks of pregnancy to evaluate the baby’s heart. Clear imaging of the heart’s chambers and major blood vessels may allow some forms of CHD to be detected before birth.

Questions to ask your child’s care team if you receive a prenatal CHD diagnosis:

• My fetal echocardiogram found something abnormal. What happens next?
  When a heart defect is found, the mother may be referred to a pediatric cardiologist. They can explain the diagnosis, possible effects and treatment plan if needed.
  
  
• Will my baby need medical treatment or surgery after birth? 
  Some babies with serious heart defects may need medications, catheter-based procedures or surgery shortly after birth. Medical treatment can improve the chance of survival after delivery for babies with serious heart defects. Pediatric cardiologists can determine the seriousness of the heart defect and what to expect.
  
  
• How can I prepare myself and my child for surgery and the possibility of a long hospital stay?
  Your child's cardiac surgical team will give you information to help prepare for surgery and a hospital stay. Often, a care team will be available to answer your questions. You can ask about support for your baby and emotional support for yourself.
  
  
• What can I do to protect my baby’s heart health during the rest of my pregnancy?
  Taking care of your heart helps your baby. Heart-healthy habits include:
  • Eating a nutritious diet
  • Staying active
  • Managing blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels, and following your pre-natal care plan
  • Not smoking or vaping
    
• What type of ongoing medical care may my child need due to their CHD?
  Many children with CHD need lifelong follow-up with a cardiologist, even after successful treatment or surgery. For more minor CHD conditions, checkups should be guided by your child’s cardiac care team. Depending on your child’s condition, periodic testing may be needed.
  
  
• If my child needs surgery, what type of equipment or resources might they need once we go home?
  Some children, especially those with complex CHD, may need special equipment, devices or resources to help with recovery or quality of care after birth or surgery. This may include feeding support, medications, pulse oximetry monitoring or home nursing services. Ask your child’s care team about what you need at home to keep your child healthy and safe.
  
  
• Is there someone on the team I can talk to about how I’m feeling? Is there someone who can give emotional support to my family and me?
  Receiving a CHD diagnosis can be traumatic. It’s important for parents to care for their overall well-being. Your child’s care team can help refer you to support resources. You may also ask about social workers, mental health professionals, parent mentors or support groups.

View: Prenatal CHD Diagnosis Questions You Could Ask Your Doctor (PDF)